Management of Typhoid Fever in Children: A Literature Review
PDF

Keywords

Antibiotic Therapy
Children
Typhoid Fever
Salmonella enterica Typhi

How to Cite

Management of Typhoid Fever in Children: A Literature Review. (2025). Nursing Genius Journal , 2(2), 70-82. https://journal.nursinggeniuscare.co.id/index.php/nursinggeniusjournal/article/view/97

Abstract

Background:  Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi). It is one of the most common causes of fever, often presenting without distinctive features or specific signs of illness, particularly in areas with limited water sanitation and medical facilities.

Purpose:  To explore the management of typhoid fever in children. Methods:  A systematic literature search was conducted using several databases, including ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Boolean terms and search restrictions were applied to identify articles that appropriately addressed the research question. Inclusion criteria included full-text articles published between 2022 to 2025.

Results:  The search yielded 10 articles that met the predefined criteria and keywords.

Conclusion:  Active involvement of parents plays a crucial role in the management of typhoid fever in children. This role includes supervising treatment adherence, recognizing clinical symptoms, and understanding the importance of completing antibiotic therapy as prescribed by medical professionals.

PDF

References

Andas, A. M., Harahap, D., Purnamasari, A., & Prima, A. (2022). Effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) to improve the sleep quality of the elderly in hospital. International Journal of Health Sciences, 1669–1678. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS4.6320

Andas, A. M., Romantika, I. W., Silaswati, S., Prima, A., Purnamasari, A., & Lisnawati, L. (2024). Determinants Of Loneliness, Resilience, And Mental Health In Elderly Patients At Long Term Care In Jakarta: Loneliness, Resilience, And Mental Health. Indonesian Journal Of Health Sciences Research And Development (IJHSRD), 6(2), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.36566/ijhsrd/Vol6.Iss2/251

Andas, A., Wada, F. H., Puspitasari, I., Shoaliha, M., Purnamasari, A., & Andas, N. H. (2024). Prevalence And Factor Associated of Sleep disturbance Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4021008/v1

Batool, R., Yousafzai, M. T., Qureshi, S., Muhammad, S., Qazi, I., Sadaf, T., Ashorn, P., & Qamar, F. N. (2023). Parental acceptance of typhoid conjugate vaccine for children aged 6 months to 15 years in an outbreak setting of Lyari Town Karachi, Pakistan. Vaccine, 41(37), 5376 - 5382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.003

Bijukchhe, S. M., Gurung, M., Pokhrel, B., Shakya, M., Pant, D., Maskey, P., Maskey, H., Dhakal, B., Rajkarkinar, S., Bista, S., Voysey, M., Mujadidi, Y. F., Kim, Y. C., Atherton, R., Jones, E., Mclean, F., Shrestha, S., Hill, M., Nyland, K. T., … Shrestha, S. (2024). Immune responses to typhoid conjugate vaccine in a two dose schedule among Nepalese children <2 years of age. Vaccine, 42(8), 2018–2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.010

Darmayanti Waluyo, Kartini Kartini, Nina Indriyani Nasruddin, Tuti Oktriani, Desri Nova H., Afrida Yelni, Anisa Purnamasari, Ellyani Abadi, Hikmandayani Hikmandayani, Wahidah Rohmawati, Wa Ode Aisa Zoahira, & La Ode Muhammad Ady Ardyawan. (2022). Pengantar Gizi Kebidanan (Saida Saida, Teguh Fathurrahman, & Rahmawati Rahmawati, Eds.). Eureka Media Aksara.

Hadju, L., Said, F. M., Nambiar, N., Purnamasari, A., & Lisnawati, L. (2024). Exploring The Influence Of The QSEN Model On Patient Safety: Insights From Hospitals In Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v5i4.844

Hirai, J., Mori, N., Sakanashi, D., Shibata, Y., Asai, N., Hagihara, M., & Mikamo, H. (2025). Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis and iliopsoas muscle abscess caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella rapidly identified by genetic testing in an immunocompetent teenage boy without hemoglobinopathies. IDCases, 40(November 2023), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02211

I. Putu Sudayasa, Dhesi Ari Astuti, Rita Gusmiati, I. Wayan Romantika, Nurjannah Nurjannah, Farming Farming, Anisa Purnamasari, Wahidah Rohmawati, Indah Putri Ramadhanti, Tuti Oktriani, Mien Mien, Wa Ode Aisa Zoahira, Kartini Kartini, & Samsuddin Samsuddin. (2022). Pengantar Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (Haryati Haryati, Wa Ode Syahrani Hajri, Sriyana Herman, & Juminten Saimin, Eds.). Eureka Media Aksara.

Islaeli, I., Nofitasari, A., Said, A., Risky, S., Islamiah, I., & Purnamasari, A. (2024). The Critical Role of Adolescent Girls’ Adherence to Taking Blood Supplement Tablets as A Key to Preventing Early Stunting. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 6(S6), 619–626. https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v6iS6.5037

Islamiah, I., Supriatin, S., Hamdanesti, R., Warda, M., Ningsih, W., Delimayani, D., Arief, K., Asrianto, A., Mansur, M. A., Muhamad, R., & Purnamasari, A. (2024). Pediatric Nursing Paradigm (Achieving Optimal Growth and Development). Asosiasi Guru Dan Dosen Seluruh Indonesia.

Islamiah, Islaeli, Wahyuni, S., Zoahira, W. O. A., & Purnamasari, A. (2019). Brainstorming Dalam Pencegahan Pneumonia Pada Anak Balita. Health Information Jurnal Penelitian, 11(2), 100–107.

Marks, F., Im, J., Park, S. E., Pak, G. D., Jeon, H. J., Wandji Nana, L. R., Phoba, M. F., Mbuyi-Kalonji, L., Mogeni, O. D., Yeshitela, B., Panzner, U., Cruz Espinoza, L. M., Beyene, T., Owusu-Ansah, M., Twumasi-Ankrah, S., Yeshambaw, M., Alemu, A., Adewusi, O. J., Adekanmbi, O., … Rakotozandrindrainy, R. (2024). Incidence of typhoid fever in Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria (the Severe Typhoid in Africa programme): A population-based study. The Lancet Global Health, 12(4), e599–e610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00007-X

Mokodompit, H. K. N., Arinta, I., Faiza, E. I., Soraya, D., Setiawati, Y., Armini, L. N., Purnamasari, A., Hidayat, S. A., Damry, N. M., Sahrianti S, N., Jauharoh, S. N. A., Alfiandari, A. D., Baranafe, P. S., Seftianingtyas, W. N., Aminuddin, N. M., Darwanty, J., & Qiyaam, N. (2025). Ilmu Kesehatan Anak. Media Sains Indonesia.

Mortin Andas, A., Sansuwito, T., Mohd Said, F., H Wada, F., Purnamasari, A., Prima, A., & Huzniaty Andas, N. (2024). The Influence of Sleep Hygiene on the Sleep Disorders of Elderly at Integrated Long Term Care. Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 15(04), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2024.v15i04.013

Nakisuyi, J., Bernis, M., Ndamira, A., Kayini, V., Mulumba, R., Theophilus, P., Agwu, E., & Lule, H. (2023). Prevalence and factors associated with malaria, typhoid, and co-infection among febrile children aged six months to twelve years at kampala international university teaching hospital in western Uganda. Heliyon, 9(9), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19588

Olaru, I. D., Chingono, R. M. S., Bottomley, C., Kandiye, F. R., Mhino, F., Nyamayaro, C. A., Manyau, S., Vere, M., Chitando, P., Chonzi, P., Darton, T. C., Dixon, J., & Kranzer, K. (2023). The effect of a comprehensive typhoid conjugate vaccine campaign on antimicrobial prescribing in children in Harare, Zimbabwe: A mixed methods study. The Lancet Global Health, 11(9), e1422–e1431. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00319-4

Patel, P. D., Liang, Y., Meiring, J. E., Chasweka, N., Patel, P., Misiri, T., Mwakiseghile, F., Wachepa, R., Banda, H. C., Shumba, F., Kawalazira, G., Dube, Q., Nampota-Nkomba, N., Nyirenda, O. M., Girmay, T., Datta, S., Jamka, L. P., Tracy, J. K., Laurens, M. B., … Pair, T. (2024). Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine: Final analysis of a 4-year, phase 3, randomised controlled trial in Malawian children. The Lancet, 403(10425), 459 - 468. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140 6736(23)02031-7

Purnamasari, A., Nazaruddin, N., Lestari, S. A., Nofitasari, A., Said, A., Mudatsir, A., & Romantika, I. W. (2023). Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu dalam Upaya Preventif dan Deteksi Dini Balita Short Stature dan Stunting Melalui Pendekatan MTBS di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Abeli. Karya Kesehatan Journal Community Engangement, 4(01), 21–23. https://doi.org/10.46233/k2jce.v4i01.1003

Purnamasari, A., Saragih, H., Pannyiwi, R., & Makualaina, F. N. (2024). Empowering Students in Improving Knowledge of Healthy Toothbrushing Techniques in The Use of The Tongue Scraper. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 687–695. https://doi.org/10.59585/ijhs.v2i2.362

Purnamasari, A., Wa Ode Aisa Zoahira, Apriyanti, A., I Wayan Romantika, & Amzal Mortin Andas. (2024). The Failure Of Exclusive Breastfeeding On The Incidence Of Stunting Among Toddlers. Journal of Islamic Nursing, 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.24252/join.v9i1.46602

Purnamasari, A., Zoahira, W. O. A., Zahalim, Z., Said, A., Fety, Y., & Pongdatu, M. (2023, December 16). Impact Of Covid-19 On The Mental Health Of School Children Using The Children Depression Inventory (CDI) Instrument: Mental Health Of School Children. https://ijhsrd.com/index.php/ijhsrd/article/view/177

Qamar, F. N., Qureshi, S., Haq, Z., Yousafzai, T., Qazi, I., Irfan, S., Iqbal, N., Amalik, Z., Hotwani, A., Ali, Q., Fatima, I., Rahman, N., Carter, A. S., & Seidman, J. C. (2024). Longevity of immune response after a single dose of typhoid conjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi among children in Hyderabad, Pakistan. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107187

Sondén, K., Satarvandi, D., Hildenwall, H., Falck-Jones, S., Yman, V., Johansson, N., Wyss, K., Folkesson, E., Asgeirsson, H., Nordling, I., Welander, A. L., & Färnert, A. (2025). Fever in travelers returning from tropical and subtropical areas: A hospital-based study of factors affecting investigations and diagnoses in children and adults. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 65(April). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102861

Viswanathan, R., Mukhopadhyay, L., Angrup, A., Kale, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Kanungo, S., Jeromie Wesley, V. T., Shahul Hameed, S. K., Sella Senthil, M., Meshram, P., Kapil, A., Balaji, V., John, J., Ravi, V., & Gupta, N. (2025). Standard protocols for performance evaluation of typhoid fever in-vitro diagnostic assays in laboratory and field settings. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 55(April). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100857

Wahyuni, S, Purnamasari, A, Said, F. M, & Nambiar, N. (2022). Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy on Improving Eating Independence in School Age Children With Down Syndrome at Kendari Autism Service Center, Indonesia. https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A11%3A20672043/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A155092877&crl=c&link_origin=www.google.com

Wahyuni, S., Purnamasari, A., Said, F. M., Nambiar, N., & Rusba, K. (2024). The Relationship Between the Role of Parents and Self-Esteem to Acceptance Parents with Mentally Retarded Children in Extraordinary School BF Mandara Kendari Indonesia. https://ejournal.lucp.net/index.php/mjn/article/view/2459

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Nursing Genius Journal